HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

The term personnel management or human resource management gained recognition in 1960. The literature available clearly shows the recognition of the importance of organisation and administration in the bureaucratic set up. The historical growth of personnel management and later as human resource development thought has been evolutionary. However, the foundation of modern sense of personnel management date back to the period of industrial revolution when large scale production was taken up due to invention of steam engine and large scale use of machines and problem was faced in dealing with workers and trade unions.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Industrial revolution during the later part of the 18th century and earlier part of the 19th century had a vital influence on the development of industry communication and transport. Industrial revolution was the results of inventions of many English scientists. The need for inventions arose because of the increase in the demand of products due to widening of markets followed by the geographical discoveries of the late 15th and 16th centuries. It was beyond the capacity of the industry using labour-intensive techniques to meet the increasing demand. The inventors in England had set for themselves a task of finding ways and means to remove the hindrances in production faced by the producers and manufacturers. James Hargreaves made ‘spinning genny’ in 1764, and Richard Arkwright introduced ‘water-frame’ in 1779. Thereafter many mechanical inventions came in quick succession such as ‘mule spinner’ by Crompton, and ‘Powerloom’ by Cartwright. The invention of steam engine enabled to drive the machines by power brought about by the industrial revolution are as follow:
·   Development of engineering
·   Revolution in iron-making
·   Use of power driven machines
·   Rise of chemical industries
·   Development of cool mining industries

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